Aggregates ndi ufa: High-alumina bauxite, corundum, silicon carbide, mchenga wa chromite, ndi zinthu zina zolimba zosavala zimasankhidwa kuti apange mafupa akuthupi, kudziwa kukana kuvala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri.
Zomanga: Pali ma hydraulic binders (monga aluminate simenti) ndi zomangira mankhwala (monga phosphoric acid ndi phosphate), zomwe zingathe kuchiritsidwa kutentha kwa chipinda popanda kutentha kwapamwamba.
Zosakaniza: Onjezani zochepetsera madzi, mapulasitiki, ndi anti-cracking kuti muwonjezere kugwirira ntchito ndi kukana ming'alu pakumanga; phatikizani ulusi wachitsulo ndi ulusi wa ceramic kuti muwonjezere kukana komanso kukana kugwedezeka kwamafuta.